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Gnetum africanum
''Gnetum africanum'' (''eru'' or ''African Jointfir'') is a vine gymnosperm species found natively throughout tropical Africa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Gnetum africanum )〕〔(Styslinger, Matt. ‘‘''Eru'': Growing Popularity of Cameroon’s Nutritious Wild Vine.'' Worldwatch Institute: Nourishing the Planet. )〕 Though bearing leaves, the genus ''Gnetum'' are gymnosperms, related to pine and other conifers.〔Chaw, Shu-Miaw, Christopher L. Parkinson, Yuchang Cheng, Thomas M. Vincent, and Jeffrey D. Palmer. 2000. (Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: Monophyly of extant gymnosperms and origin of Gnetales from conifers ). ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' 97: 4086-4091
〕〔Bowe, L. Michelle, Gwénaële Coat, and Claude W. dePamphilis. 2000. (Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers ). ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' 97: 4092-4097.〕〔Soltis, Douglas E., Pamela S. Soltis and Michael J. Zanis. 2002. (Phylogeny of seed plants based on evidence from eight genes ). ''American Journal of Botany'' 89: 1670-1681.〕
''Eru'' has numerous common names and is grown in various countries across Africa, including: Cameroon (''Eru'', ''okok'', ''m’fumbua'', or ''fumbua''), Angola (''KoKo''), Nigeria (''ukase'' or ''afang''), Gabon (''KoKo''), Central African Republic (''KoKo''), Congo (''KoKo''), and the Democratic Republic of Congo (''m’fumbua'' or ''fumbua''). ''Eru'' has also been referred to as a form of ‘wild spinach’ in English.〔[Ali, F., Assanta, M.A., and Robert, C. ''Gnetum Africanum: A Wild Food Plant from the African Forest with Many Nutritional and Medicinal Purposes,'' Journal of Medicinal Food 14, no.11 (2011): 1289-1297. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0327]〕
==Description==
''Gnetum africanum'' is traditionally a wild vine and is considered to be a wild vegetable. It is a perennial that grows approximately 10 metres long, with thick papery-like leaves growing in groups of three. The leaves may grow approximately 8 cm long, and at maturity the vine will produce small cone-like reproductive structures. The seeds of the vine resemble a fleshy fruit, sized 10–15 mm × 4–8 mm, and are red-orange in colour when fully ripe.〔(''Gnetum Africanum: Welw. Gnetaceae.'' World Agroforestry Database. 2009. )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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